Breast cancer was the most common cancer in women in 157 countries out of 185 in 2022.

Screening for breast cancer is performed in individuals without any signs or symptoms of the disease for early detection and the best chance of survival.

Non modifiable risk factors include increasing age, being female, family history of breast cancer, being a carrier of pathogenic variants in genes, early menarche, late menopause, a history of neoplastic disease of the breast and increased breast density. Modifiable risk factors include nulliparity, lack of breastfeeding, hormonal factors and lifestyle.

12 symptoms of breast cancer include: hard lump, thick area, dimpled skin, crusted or hot nipple, new fluid, skin sores, bump, growing vein, sunken nipple, new shape or size, and “orange peel” skin.

The relative survival was highest at Stage I and Stage II of diagnosis, being above 80% up to 10 years for Stage I and up to 5 years for Stage II. Survival rates deteriorated at a faster rate for Stage III and Stage IV.

Breast awareness education with monthly breast self-examination should begin at 18 years of age.

Awareness of the signs of breast cancer and achieving early diagnosis improves cancer outcomes by providing effective treatment at lower costs and with less complex interventions.

If you notice any unusual changes in your breasts, consult a healthcare professional promptly. Early evaluation can lead to timely detection and better outcomes, while delaying action may allow issues to progress.